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Steroids are a group of synthetic substances that mimic the effects of natural hormones in the body. They are used for various medical and non-medical purposes, such as treating inflammation, enhancing performance, and improving appearance. However, steroids also have many negative effects on the human body, both in the short-term and the long-term.
Short-term effects of steroids
Steroids can cause a range of side effects in the short-term, depending on the type, dose, and duration of use. Some of the common short-term effects are:
Acne: Steroids can increase oil production by sebaceous glands and make them more susceptible to infection. Acne in people who take steroids is most commonly found on the chest but is also seen on the back, shoulders, neck, and face1.
Headaches: Steroids can cause headaches by increasing blood pressure or affecting the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body1.
Dizziness: Steroids can cause dizziness by affecting the inner ear or the brain. Dizziness can also be a sign of low blood sugar or dehydration1.
Heartburn: Steroids can irritate the lining of the stomach by inhibiting prostaglandins – these are substances that help protect the stomach lining. Excessive irritation can lead to stomach ulcers2.
Increased risk of infection: Steroids decrease inflammation by suppressing the immune system, which means our immune system is compromised and not as effective at protecting us against infection. Symptoms of an infection may not be as obvious or typical while you are taking steroids2.
Long-term effects of steroids
Steroids can have more serious and lasting effects on the human body when they are taken for a long time or at high doses. Some of the long-term effects are:
Weight gain: Steroids can cause weight gain by increasing appetite, fluid retention, and fat deposition. Weight gain is especially noticeable in the belly, face, and back of the neck2.
Mood changes: Steroids can affect mood by altering the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and dopamine. Steroids can cause mood swings, anxiety, depression, irritability, aggression, and psychosis2.
Reduced libido: Steroids can reduce libido by interfering with the production and function of sex hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen. Steroids can also cause erectile dysfunction, infertility, gynecomastia (enlarged breasts in men), and menstrual irregularities in women1.
Cataracts and glaucoma: Steroids can increase the pressure inside the eye and damage the lens and optic nerve. This can lead to cataracts (clouding of the lens) and glaucoma (increased pressure that damages the optic nerve)2.
Osteoporosis: Steroids can reduce bone density and increase the risk of fractures by inhibiting calcium absorption and bone formation. Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle2.
Diabetes: Steroids can increase blood sugar levels and impair insulin sensitivity. This can lead to diabetes or worsen existing diabetes2.
Cushing syndrome: Steroids can cause Cushing syndrome by mimicking the effects of excess cortisol in the body. Cortisol is a hormone that regulates stress response, metabolism, and immune function. Cushing syndrome is characterized by a moon face (round and puffy face), a buffalo hump (a large fat deposit between the shoulders), thinning of the skin, easy bruising, muscle weakness, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and increased susceptibility to infections1.
Conclusion
Steroids are powerful drugs that can have both beneficial and harmful effects on the human body. They should be used with caution and under medical supervision. The risks and benefits of steroids should be weighed carefully before starting or stopping them. Steroids should never be used for non-medical purposes or without a prescription.
Learn more:
1. drugs.com
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